India, with its vast and diverse geography, extends from the snow-covered peaks of the Himalayas in the north to the coastal plains and islands in the south and from the arid deserts of the west to the lush and forested lands of the east. While its political boundaries are widely known, there is often confusion regarding the specific longitudinal and latitudinal extremes of the country. One frequently asked question among geography enthusiasts and students is about the easternmost longitude of India. Understanding India’s easternmost point is key to grasping the geographical spread and the strategic importance of its eastern territories.
Understanding Longitude and Its Significance
What is Longitude?
Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth’s surface. It is measured in degrees, with the Prime Meridian at 0°, running through Greenwich, England. Longitudes to the east of the Prime Meridian are labeled as eastern longitudes and those to the west as western longitudes.
Why Longitude Matters in India
In India, longitudes play an important role not only in geography but also in determining time zones and administrative regions. The Indian Standard Time (IST) is based on the 82.5°E longitude, which runs near Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh. However, the country’s territory stretches far beyond this central meridian, especially towards the east.
India’s Easternmost Point A Geographic Overview
Easternmost State of India
The easternmost state of mainland India is Arunachal Pradesh. This region borders China, Bhutan, and Myanmar and is known for its mountainous terrain and tribal cultures. Arunachal Pradesh holds the distinction of containing the easternmost longitude of Indian territory.
Easternmost Point of India
The actual easternmost point of India lies in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, near a village called Kibithu in the Anjaw district. This point marks the edge of Indian territory and is located near the tri-junction of India, China, and Myanmar.
- LocationNear Kibithu, Anjaw district, Arunachal Pradesh
- CoordinatesApproximately 97.4°E longitude
Confusion with Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Although the Andaman and Nicobar Islands lie far to the southeast of mainland India, they do not extend further east than Arunachal Pradesh in terms of longitude. The Nicobar Islands extend more to the south, not to the east. Therefore, the easternmost longitude of India remains on the mainland in Arunachal Pradesh.
Multiple Choice and Geographic Options
Common Choices for Easternmost Longitude
In quizzes and competitive exams, students are often asked to identify the easternmost longitude among the following options
- 68°7’E
- 77°6’E
- 82°30’E
- 97°25’E
Among these, the correct answer is97°25’E, which represents the easternmost longitude of India.
Explanation of the Other Options
- 68°7’EThis corresponds to the westernmost part of India, near Guhar Moti in Gujarat.
- 77°6’EThis is closer to central India and does not represent an extreme point.
- 82°30’EThis is the longitudinal reference for Indian Standard Time, not an extreme geographical boundary.
Strategic and Political Importance
Why the Easternmost Longitude Matters
The easternmost boundary of India, located near Kibithu, holds not just geographical but also strategic importance. Given its proximity to the China border, it has become a focal point for infrastructure development, defense preparedness, and connectivity.
Connectivity Initiatives
Several development projects have been undertaken to connect this remote region to the rest of India
- Road ConstructionImproved roads like the Trans-Arunachal Highway
- Bridges and InfrastructureNew bridges to span the rivers that cut across valleys
- Digital ConnectivityExpansion of mobile and internet services
Cultural and Natural Beauty of Arunachal’s Eastern Edge
Scenic Landscapes
The area around the easternmost longitude is known for its natural beauty. Towering mountains, flowing rivers, and dense forests characterize the terrain, making it a haven for nature lovers and trekkers.
Ethnic Diversity
Arunachal Pradesh is home to many indigenous tribes, each with its own language, customs, and traditions. The region around Kibithu and Walong is culturally rich and distinct from other parts of India.
Sunrise and Time Differences
Sunrise in the East
Since the easternmost part of India lies nearly two hours ahead of the westernmost part in terms of sunrise time, there is a significant difference in daylight hours across the country. This time gap has led to discussions about having a separate time zone for the northeastern region.
Indian Standard Time Limitations
Indian Standard Time (IST) is based on the 82.5°E longitude, which results in very early sunrises and sunsets in Arunachal Pradesh. For example, the sun can rise as early as 4 a.m. in summer, affecting daily life, especially for school children and farmers.
The easternmost longitude of India is approximately97°25’E, located in the Anjaw district of Arunachal Pradesh near Kibithu. This extreme point of the Indian mainland highlights the country’s vast east-to-west spread and underlines the strategic, cultural, and geographic significance of India’s northeastern frontier. While 82.5°E serves as the standard for Indian timekeeping, the far eastern reaches of the country continue to inspire admiration and curiosity. Understanding the easternmost longitude deepens our appreciation for India’s diverse landscape and complex geography, and its implications go beyond just a number on a map they touch upon culture, identity, and national unity.